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W5rIj7pl71JQ1DlpIcxNDAxNzY0MOWPty0xPC9hPmRkZBBWEUsI8YYGLOVnc/rgwtEFfJwr5yrq+MaXyQxJYZD8" 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border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="98%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="right">当前位置：<a href="/">首页</a><span id="lblwz"> > <a href='lists.aspx?sid=3'>太极文化</a> > <a href='lists.aspx?sid=1136'>名家谈太极</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 18px"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="center" style="font-size: 24px"><strong> <span id="lblTitle">王培生太极拳推手术--1.推手概论</span></strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">时间：<span id="lblAddtime">2016-03-25 11:41:00</span> 来源：<span id="lblComefrom">互联网</span> 作者：<span id="lblAutor">王培生</span> 点击：<span id="lblHits">2956</span>次</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td background="/images/1-2.gif"> <img src="/images/1.gif" width="1" height="1" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td height="20"></td> </tr> </table> <table width="98%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td style="font-size: 18px; max-width: 670px"> <span id="lblCont"><p><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 一、推手概论</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 太极拳推手是一种知觉运动，锻炼的是人体末梢神经的灵敏性。人体的皮肤感觉可以练得像蟋蟀触角那么敏锐，指挥身体快速灵活地进退变化。学者体会到极大的推敲趣味，乐在其中，从而达到健身的目的。</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> “推手”是太极拳中的术语，也叫搭手、靠手、揉手等，名称不一。各派拳术中也都有通过推手练习进身用着的方法。太极拳术以懂劲为要诀。懂劲的初步是使皮肤感觉灵敏。感觉的锻炼方法，在两人肘、腕、掌、指互相搭着循环推动的过程中，用心体会研磨皮肤及压迫温凉的感觉，以此查知对方用力的大小、轻重、虚实及经过方位。如此练习久了，神经的感觉会特别敏感，并能粘走互助，对方稍微一动，自己就会知道对方发劲的方向和虚实，这样才能说是懂劲。所以练习太极拳的人不学推手等于未学，学了推手而未能懂劲，在运用时决不会正确的。因此，我们学习推手时，应特别用心揣摩它的道理 ，同时还要下刻苦功夫将推手中的各种劲的运用方法彻底学会掌握，并能灵活运用。到此才可以说是有了体用兼备的基础，在此基础上坚持不懈地锻炼才能不断创新、发展、完善。只有这样做，才能出现“用意不用力”的效应，也即是真正的进入了神明的境界。</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 先谈一下太极拳的攻守价值。</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 太极拳也和其他拳一样以对敌的攻守为最终目的。不过，在方法上它有它的独到之处。它在战略上是以“以逸待劳”“动得机先”为原则；在战术上，用最经济的力量和时间，恰当巧妙制胜为原则。所谓“彼不动，己不动，彼微动，己先动”“以慢让快”“四两拨千斤”等都是这个用意，所有招式的用法都是如此。训练中，不但注意单人对招式的熟悉，尤其注意两人对抗的实践。这是符合科学的研究方法。我认为太极拳攻守上有很高的价值，原因就在这里。</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 这里对攻守的训练方法做一介绍。</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 个人对拳式的熟悉，是以强健身体，熟练招式为目的，这和军事学上操实习一样；两人对抗练习的目的是把所学的手法、身法沉着地付诸实践，以取得对抗的经验，增强自信。这种训练程序有两个步骤：一是推手（包括定步推手与活步的大捋）。二是散手对打（即烂采花或采浪花）</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 推手的目的，一是练习知彼（对方用力或方向）的感觉；二是锻炼手、足、肩、腰转动的灵活性；三是体会实现“我顺人背”、“牵动四两拨千斤”的基本方法，即太极八法（掤、捋、挤、按、采、挒、肘、靠）。这种基本对抗训练的确很重要。</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;">散手对打的目的，就在于练习各种招式的应用。各种招式都有其原来的变化和作用，而每种作用和变化都是用最经济的力量和时间，达到攻守的目的。这是太极拳推手术的精华所在。</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 练拳讲究要有理，就是认识拳术的规律、掌握拳术的规律，从而为人身服务。推手亦要“以理”服人，反对“以力服人、以功服人”（即倚仗自己的功夫深）。推手要有理有节，推手发人，俗称“抢位”，就是占领对方的位置，从而用各种劲力将对方发出。抢位要照顾到前后、左右、上下六个方面，简单说推手也主要沿着六个方面解决“抢位”，俗称“冲子”。</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 推手运动中，假设有三道圈线：第一道线不能超越“手前足前”；第二道圈不能超越“肘前膝前”；第三道线为躯干，即包括“肩、腰、胸、腹、胯”各部。总之，要尽可能在最有把握的防线内解决外来的袭击为目的。</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 推手讲快，必须要“抢先”，一般要用“先中先”，再次讲“后中先”。先中先也就是说先发先至，先发制人。所谓后中先，就是后发，但要抢先到。总之，慢让快也。</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 推手化发劲力讲三个时期：第一时期：是在彼力尚未发出之际，应采取先发制人或引之落空的手法。第二时期：是在彼力将触我身之际，可采取上述两法，兼施并用，或带之倾斜。第三时期：当彼力已作用于我身之际，这时主要用变换，要用后发制人，即见肉分离法，或用转之还原法。</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 推手时要注意自己和对方的姿势位置，左右两边有差别，一般讲打前腿要“管”而后拿放。打后腿较好打，前腿一般要向下发拿；打后腿用上提拿或下推放。总之要注意两腿位置的差别。</span><br/><span style="font-size:18px;font-family:SimSun;"> 劲力发放或提拿要有部位，上打顶，打两肩，打两胯，打两膝，打两足。总之，要有部位，要准。</span><br/></p></span> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="98%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" 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